OK
https://citizenlab.ca/
Websites
Runtime: 1.9s
On April 07, 2025, 10:44 AM UTC, https://citizenlab.ca/ was accessible when tested on AS4609 in Macao.
Failures
HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null
DNS Queries
Resolver:
202.175.3.136
Query:
IN A citizenlab.ca
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
A
172.67.170.9
@
IN
A
104.21.55.9
Query:
IN AAAA citizenlab.ca
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
@
IN
AAAA
2606:4700:3037::6815:3709
@
IN
AAAA
2606:4700:3032::ac43:aa09
TCP Connections
Connection to 104.21.55.9:443 succeeded.
Connection to 172.67.170.9:443 succeeded.
Connection to 2606:4700:3032::ac43:aa09:443 succeeded.
Connection to 2606:4700:3037::6815:3709:443 succeeded.
HTTP Requests
URL
GET https://citizenlab.ca/
Response Headers
Alt-Svc:h3=":443"; ma=86400Cf-Cache-Status:DYNAMICCf-Ray:92c8ee47fff97c66-MFMContent-Type:text/html; charset=UTF-8Date:Mon, 07 Apr 2025 10:44:38 GMTLink:<https://citizenlab.ca/wp-json/>; rel="https://api.w.org/"Nel:{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}Report-To:{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=cHKhHtkx%2BhpXOAEpv4t35j%2Bdl4%2FGucQtNd9cbKQUVK5pNlRcpPx%2FXe1I08owlqrw%2F32zKoPhwu1krvpPBv%2Bxp%2Fn68WTprUJcoWSZ9UfIFjhATdv1j%2FkKy%2FRVUjEfmHMR"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}Server:cloudflareServer-Timing:cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=6087&min_rtt=5060&rtt_var=1965&sent=7&recv=11&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=3201&recv_bytes=652&delivery_rate=305676&cwnd=254&unsent_bytes=0&cid=e1ce7a634f7df1f6&ts=880&x=0"Vary:Accept-EncodingX-Fastcgi-Cache:HIT
Response Body
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aria-label="Search" title="Search"></span> </div> </div> <!--end of searchbar--> </div> <!--end of main-menu --> </div> <!-- end of header__inner --> </header> <!-- </div> --> <div id="container" class="pa3 pv4-l ph5-l"> <!--TODO move to stylesheet --> <section class="container"> <article id="post-82029" role="article" class="sticky"> <div id="sticky__article"> <div class="w-two-thirds-ns"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--16x9" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/03/a-first-look-at-paragons-proliferating-spyware-operations/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/featuredimage-487x340.png) center;"></div> </a> </div> <div id="headline-feature" class="w-third-ns mt0-ns pr1-ns pl2-ns"> <header> <h1 class="ma0 mt3 mt0-ns"> <span class="db f3-ns oswald-medium"> <a class="headline" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/03/a-first-look-at-paragons-proliferating-spyware-operations/" rel="bookmark">Virtue or Vice? A First Look at Paragon’s Proliferating Spyware Operations</a> </span> </h1> </header> <div class="article__date article__date--stacked"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-03-19" itemprop="datePublished">March 19, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/targeted-threats/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">Targeted Threats</a> </div></div> </div> </div> <section class="excerpt article__excerpt article__excerpt--visible"> <!-- <div class="pl2-ns"> --> <p>In our first investigation into Israel-based spyware company, Paragon Solutions, we begin to untangle multiple threads connected to the proliferation of Paragon’s mercenary spyware operations across the globe. This report includes an infrastructure analysis of Paragon’s spyware product, called Graphite; a forensic analysis of infected devices belonging to members of civil society; and a closer look at the use of Paragon spyware in both Canada and Italy.</p> <!-- </div> --> </section> </article> </section> <section class="mw8 center mb4"> <h2 class="small-label pb3 pt4 mb4 bb b--light-silver">Featured Publications</h2> <div class="flex-ns justify-between"> <article id="post-81966" role="article" class="article__preview article__preview--column w-third-ns w-100-m mr4-ns"> <div class="w-100-ns"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--16x9" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/02/canada-us-cross-border-surveillance-cloud-act/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CLOUD-Act-v2-453x340.png) center;"></div> </a> </div> <div class="article__previewtext article__previewtext--column bt bw1"> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-02-24" itemprop="datePublished">February 24, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/transparency/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">Transparency and Accountability</a> </div></div> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/02/canada-us-cross-border-surveillance-cloud-act/" rel="bookmark"> Canada-U.S. Cross-Border Surveillance Negotiations Raise Constitutional and Human Rights Whirlwind under U.S. CLOUD Act </a> </h1> </header> <section class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <div dir="ltr"><p>Legal researchers Cynthia Khoo and Kate Robertson warn that a Canada-U.S. CLOUD agreement would extend the reach of U.S. law enforcement into Canada’s digital terrain to an unprecedented extent, and that if signed, this agreement would effectively allow U.S. police to demand personal data directly from any provider of an “electronic communication service” or “remote computing service” in Canada, so long as it had some ties to the U.S.</p> </div> </section> </div> </article> <article id="post-81884" role="article" class="article__preview article__preview--column w-third-ns w-100-m mr4-ns"> <div class="w-100-ns"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--16x9" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/02/network-security-issues-in-rednote/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/featured-image-487x340.png) center;"></div> </a> </div> <div class="article__previewtext article__previewtext--column bt bw1"> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-02-12" itemprop="datePublished">February 12, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/app-privacy-and-security/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">App Privacy and Controls</a> </div></div> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/02/network-security-issues-in-rednote/" rel="bookmark"> Network Security Issues in RedNote </a> </h1> </header> <section class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <div dir="ltr"><p>Our network security analysis of the popular social media app, RedNote, revealed a number of issues with both the Android and iOS versions of the app. </p> </div> </section> </div> </article> <article id="post-81650" role="article" class="article__preview article__preview--column w-third-ns w-100-m ml0-ns"> <div class="w-100-ns"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--16x9" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2024/12/device-confiscated-by-russian-authorities-returned-with-monokle-type-spyware-installed/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Featured-visual-Report-181-453x340.png) center;"></div> </a> </div> <div class="article__previewtext article__previewtext--column bt bw1"> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2024-12-05" itemprop="datePublished">December 5, 2024</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/research/targeted-threats/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">Targeted Threats</a> </div></div> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2024/12/device-confiscated-by-russian-authorities-returned-with-monokle-type-spyware-installed/" rel="bookmark"> Something to Remember Us By: Device Confiscated by Russian Authorities Returned with Monokle-Type Spyware Installed </a> </h1> </header> <section class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <div dir="ltr"><p>Our analysis of spyware covertly implanted on a phone returned to a Russian programmer after he was released from custody, finds that the spyware placed on his device allows the operator to track a target device’s location, record phone calls, keystrokes, and read messages from encrypted messaging apps, among other capabilities.</p> </div> </section> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> <section class="mw-12 pa3 pv5-l ph6-l bg-near-white relative"> <div class="mw7 center flex justify-between"> <div class="db flex-ns justify-between"> <div class="w-two-thirds-ns"> <h1 class="f2 ma0">Lifting the lid off the Internet.</h1> <p class="f5 b no-hyphen lh-copy">The Citizen Lab is an interdisciplinary laboratory based at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto, focusing on research and development at the intersection of information and communication technologies, human rights, and global security. <a class="link underline-hover underline hover-bg-lightest-blue" href="about">Learn more</a>.</p> </div> <div class="w-third-ns mt4 mt0-ns ml4-ns"> <h2 class="f4-ns mb3 mt2">Get the latest Citizen Lab news right in your inbox.</h2> <span class="source-sans f5 b">Subscribe below.</span> <div class="f6"> <div id="text-2" class=""> 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article__previewtext--horizontal"> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/how-cyber-espionage-threatens-democracy-in-the-age-of-trump/" rel="bookmark">How Cyber Espionage Threatens Democracy in the Age of Trump (The Agenda)</a> </h1> </header> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-04-03" itemprop="datePublished">April 3, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/mentions/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">In the Media</a> </div></div> <div dir="ltr" class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <p>In this interview with TVO The Agenda’s Steve Paikin, Citizen Lab director Ron Deibert discusses his recent trip to the White House, the impact that the Trump administration’s policies will have on cyber security worldwide, and why Canadians should be concerned by a potential bilateral surveillance agreement with the U.S. </p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-82143" role="article" class="article__preview article__preview--horizontal "> <div class="article__thumbnail w-third-ns"> <div class="w-100"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--6x4" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-citizen-labs-director-dissects-spyware-and-the-proliferating-market-for-it-the-record/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.5/library/images/thumbnail_fallbacks/switching-racks.jpg) center;"></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article__previewtext article__previewtext--horizontal"> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-citizen-labs-director-dissects-spyware-and-the-proliferating-market-for-it-the-record/" rel="bookmark">The Citizen Lab’s Director Dissects Spyware and the ‘Proliferating’ Market for It (The Record)</a> </h1> </header> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-04-03" itemprop="datePublished">April 3, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/mentions/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">In the Media</a> </div></div> <div dir="ltr" class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <p>In this Q&A by The Record from Recorded Future News, Citizen Lab director Ron Deibert speaks with cyber security reporter Suzanne Smalley about the technical aspects of the Citizen Lab’s research methods, why there is almost certainly spyware being used that hasn’t yet been discovered, and how spyware companies continue to evolve to evade detection…. <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-citizen-labs-director-dissects-spyware-and-the-proliferating-market-for-it-the-record/" title="Read The Citizen Lab’s Director Dissects Spyware and the ‘Proliferating’ Market for It (The Record)">Read more »</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-82140" role="article" class="article__preview article__preview--horizontal "> <div class="article__thumbnail w-third-ns"> <div class="w-100"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--6x4" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-united-states-is-putting-the-united-states-in-danger/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.5/library/images/thumbnail_fallbacks/digi-wall.jpg) center;"></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article__previewtext article__previewtext--horizontal"> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-united-states-is-putting-the-united-states-in-danger/" rel="bookmark">The United States is Putting the United States in Danger</a> </h1> </header> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-04-03" itemprop="datePublished">April 3, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/op-ed/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">Op-ed</a> </div></div> <div dir="ltr" class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <p>In an opinion piece for the Globe and Mail, Ron Deibert recounts his comments from a recent briefing he delivered to staff of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence about the Citizen Lab’s research on mercenary surveillance. He warns that “U.S. actions to undermine the rule of law, politicize intelligence and undercut civil society… <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-united-states-is-putting-the-united-states-in-danger/" title="Read The United States is Putting the United States in Danger">Read more »</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-82137" role="article" class="article__preview article__preview--horizontal "> <div class="article__thumbnail w-third-ns"> <div class="w-100"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--6x4" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-u-s-wants-canada-to-become-a-police-state/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/themes/citizenlab-2.1.5/library/images/thumbnail_fallbacks/binary-bw.jpg) center;"></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article__previewtext article__previewtext--horizontal"> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-u-s-wants-canada-to-become-a-police-state/" rel="bookmark">The U.S. Wants Canada to Become A Police State</a> </h1> </header> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-04-03" itemprop="datePublished">April 3, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/op-ed/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">Op-ed</a> </div></div> <div dir="ltr" class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <p>In an opinion piece for Maclean’s, Ron Deibert, director of the Citizen Lab, warns of the increasing infringement on human rights as Canada continues to appease the Trump administration. “Since Trump took office, Canada has continued these new deployments, adding 15 surveillance towers with high-resolution cameras, alongside new drones, four Black Hawk helicopters and a… <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/04/the-u-s-wants-canada-to-become-a-police-state/" title="Read The U.S. Wants Canada to Become A Police State">Read more »</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-82124" role="article" class="article__preview article__preview--horizontal "> <div class="article__thumbnail w-third-ns"> <div class="w-100"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--6x4" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/03/job-opportunity-systems-and-security-administrator/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Announcement-297x167.png) center;"></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article__previewtext article__previewtext--horizontal"> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/03/job-opportunity-systems-and-security-administrator/" rel="bookmark">Job Opportunity – Systems and Security Administrator</a> </h1> </header> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-03-25" itemprop="datePublished">March 25, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">News</a> </div></div> <div dir="ltr" class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <p>Req ID: 42298 Faculty/Division: Faculty of Arts & Science Department: Citizen Lab Campus: St. George (Downtown Toronto) Position Number: 00035221 Description: About us: The Faculty of Arts & Science is the heart of Canada’s leading university and one of the most comprehensive and diverse academic divisions in the world. The strength of Arts & Science derives from our combined teaching… <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/03/job-opportunity-systems-and-security-administrator/" title="Read Job Opportunity – Systems and Security Administrator">Read more »</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <article id="post-82007" role="article" class="article__preview article__preview--horizontal "> <div class="article__thumbnail w-third-ns"> <div class="w-100"> <a class="no-underline db aspect-ratio aspect-ratio--6x4" href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/03/book-talks-for-chasing-shadows-march-events/" rel="bookmark"> <div class="aspect-ratio--object cover" style="background:url( https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/cover_CHASING-SHADOWS_Ronald-J.-Deibert-140x199.jpg) center;"></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article__previewtext article__previewtext--horizontal"> <header dir="ltr"> <h1> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/03/book-talks-for-chasing-shadows-march-events/" rel="bookmark">Book Talks for Chasing Shadows: March Events</a> </h1> </header> <div class="article__date"> <time class="ma0 gray pr2" datetime="2025-03-06" itemprop="datePublished">March 6, 2025</time> <div class="dn db-ns"> <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/category/lab-news/events/" class="blue underline-hover hover-black link hover-bg-lightest-blue">Events</a> </div></div> <div dir="ltr" class="article__excerpt excerpt"> <p>Join The Citizen Lab’s Ron Deibert virtually or in person at one of these upcoming events to celebrate the release of his new book Chasing Shadows: Cyberespionage, Subversion, and the Global Fight for Democracy. Event dates March 10, San Francisco Hosted by City Lights Bookstore Get tickets March 15, Vancouver Hosted by the Vancouver… <a href="https://citizenlab.ca/2025/03/book-talks-for-chasing-shadows-march-events/" title="Read Book Talks for Chasing Shadows: March Events">Read more »</a></p> </div> </div> </article> </section> </div> <section class="mw8 center pa3 pv4-l ph6-l bg-white relative"> <div class="pv3"> <article id="post-81612" class="cf post-81612 post type-post status-publish format-video has-post-thumbnail hentry category-lab-news post_format-post-format-video" role="article" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/VideoObject" > <h1 class="small-label ">Featured Video</h1> <div class="bt b--light-silver"> <div class="w-55-l mr4-l mb3 mb0-l"> <header> <h1 class="f3 tracked-oswald" itemprop="name">Gender-based Digital Transnational Repression Explained</h1> </header> <div class="f5 lh-copy"> </div> </div> <section itemprop="description" class="w-45-l h-auto-l bg-black flex 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